Summary of people of gilded age Essay Example For Students

Summary of people of gilded age Essay After the Civil War had ended, several soldiers had returned home to find their places of living destroyed. Most of these people returned to practically nothing. The United States had to rebuild itself, and this rebuilding was called Reconstruction. Today historians refer to this era of reconstruction as the part of the Gilded Age. Many people had to pickup and start all over again, while others continued their quests of expanding. Expanding by taking control over the land or by expanding their beliefs, either way lives of these people reflected the social tensions of the Gilded Age. Philip H. Sheridan, who was one of the heroes of the Civil War, was a soldier who had started his career on the frontier and would return there after the war to help the United States in expanding its territory by having to combat many Native Americans in doing so. Sheridan was an extremely important person who helped conquer the frontier. Sheridan believed in the freeing of black slaves, and decided that he would help protect the blacks now that they were free. He expresses his opinion about what is done to black people in Texas by commenting that the black codes are a policy of gross injustice toward the colored people on the part of the courts, and a reign of lawlessness and disorder ensued. We will write a custom essay on Summary of people of gilded age specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now (10) Sheridans defense of the black cause much tension in his life, in Texas, that he was later reassigned to command the Department of the Missouri. (11) In 1869 when Grant had became President; he appointed Sheridan lieutenant governor and command of the Division of Missouri. Sheridans past on tactics for attacking the Indians made him the best man for the job in defending the western frontier. Much of Sheridans life involved being enrolled in the army and defending the frontier. He is also known for the quote The only good Indian is a dead Indian, which he became synonymous with. (13) Sheridans life practically evolved around the Indian warfare and the tensions that surrounded it. His ethics and tactics of Indian warfare were often questioned, leaving him to defend himself against his critics quite often. Another lifestyle that had taken on the challenges of living a successful life was that of being a doctor. Susan LaFleshe Picotte was one of these doctors; but for Susan to be a successful doctor, she had to overcome many more obstacles than other people did. As you see, becoming a doctor is one difficult task at hand, but being a woman who was Indian was another. Susan was a Siouan-speaking Omaha, who had migrated to Nebraska because of the Indian Removal Act of 1830. (24) Susans life was different than the rest of the people in her tribe; she was one of the firsts not to have any piercing or any tattoos as Indians did back then. One other unique characteristic of Susan was that she wanted to continue her education to eventually become a physician. So on October 12, 1850 Susan was accepted to the Womans Medical College of Pennsylvania. (26) She finished her schooling and soon became the physician of her old reservation. Susan did anything she could to help her patients, including going house to house from sunrise to sunset providing care for her patients. Susan was up to her knees in patients and was taking care of all of the 1,244 tribal members on the reservation. (28) She was an extremely hard working woman of this age. Susan had to deal with other problems other than medicinal purposes. She had to deal with the fact that her tribe was constrained to its reservation. Susan also had to overcome the tensions at home and on the reservation with liquor, for she believed that it was one of the leading causes of death even before her husband succumbed to the effects. (32) Susan became politically involved and helped her tribe as much as possible, it must had been very difficult for someone of her stature to be looked at differently for her race and not for who she was. Sarah Christie Stevens was another woman who had to overcome adversity and survive in a mans world. Sarah .

Welcome to The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Blog!

Welcome to The Essay Experts MBA Admissions Blog! The Essay Expert looks forward to providing value to MBA and EMBA applicants in two major ways: 1) by offering MBA admissions consulting services and 2) by sharing interesting and useful information in our MBA Admissions Blog. This blog is a forum to discuss issues of concern to MBA and EMBA applicants. We look forward to sharing our take on a wide range of issues so that you will be poised for success as you enter the application process. Youll see many items here written by our newest and most senior admissions consultant, Larry Sochrin. Larry is one of the most experienced MBA admissions consultants in the business, having worked in this field for over 14 years. He holds an MBA from Wharton, and previously interviewed applicants to the school as an alumnus. A senior trainer, Larry has delivered seminars for groups of admissions consultants on topics ranging from interviewing to applying to international MBA schools. He has also given training seminars for prospective business school applicants, as well as for firms who offer admissions consulting support as an employee benefit. Larry has guided clients through several thousand MBA applications. He has answers to just about every possible question you might encounter as you go through the admissions process. Category:UncategorizedBy Brenda BernsteinNovember 17, 2011

Present Perfect Tense in Spanish

Present Perfect Tense in Spanish Despite its name, the present perfect tense in Spanish (and English as well) is used to refer to events that happened in the past. Its use in Spanish can be tricky, however, because its usage varies with region and it sometimes is used in slightly different ways than it is in English. In Spanish, the present perfect tense is formed by the present tense of haber followed by the past participle. (In English its the present tense of to have followed by the past participle.) It generally indicates that an action has been completed that has some bearing on the present. Forms of Present Perfect Tense Here are the forms in which the present perfect would be stated. Pronouns are included here for clarity but often arent necessary: yo he past participle (I have ...)tà º has past participle (you have ...)usted/à ©l/ella ha past participle (you have, he/she has ...)nosotros/nosotras hemos past participle (we have ...)vosotros/vosotras habà ©is past participle (you have ...)ustedes/ellos/ellas han past participle (you have, they have ...) Note that while in English, as in some of the examples above, it is possible to separate the have from the past participle, in Spanish you normally dont separate  haber  from participles. However, if haber applies to two participles, the second haber can be omitted, as in the second sample sentence below. Sample Sentences Here are some examples of sentences using the present perfect tense along with the way theyd most commonly be translated: Me he comprado una esponja rosa. (I have bought a pink sponge.) ¡Es lo mejor que he visto y escuchado en mi vida! (Its the best thing I have seen and heard in my life!) ¿Alguna vez has hablado con las ranas a medianoche? (Have you talked with the frogs at midnight?)Todos lo hemos pensado. (All of us have thought it.)Minerva ha conocido ya a los padres de su novio. (Minerva has already met her boyfriends parents.)Siempre he anhelado tener un metabolismo con el cual pueda comer lo que quiera. (I have always wanted to have a metabolism that would let me eat whatever I want.)Hay videojuegos que han hecho historia. (There are video games that have made history.)He leà ­do y acepto la polà ­tica de privacidad. (I have read and I accept the privacy policy.) Subjunctive Use The subjunctive present perfect functions in much the same way: Mi amiga niega que su madre haya comprado un regalo para el perro. (My friend denies that her mother has bought a gift for the dog.)Titular: 14 piscinas que no se parecen a nada que hayas visto antes. (Headline: 14 swimming pools that dont seem like anything you have seen before.)Es probable que hayan escondido micrà ³fonos en la casa y està ©n escuchando nuestras conversaciones. (It is likely that they have hidden microphones in the house and are listening to our conversations.)El la eleccià ³n ms sucia que hayamos conocido en los à ºltimos tiempos. (It is the dirtiest election that we have known in recent times.) Present Perfect With Meaning of the Preterite You should be aware, however, that the Spanish present perfect tense should not always be thought of as the equivalent of the English present perfect tense. In many regions, it can be used as the equivalent of the English simple past tense. Sometimes the context will make this clear: Ha llegado hace un rato. (She arrived a little bit ago.)Cuando lo he visto no he podido creerlo. (When I saw it I couldnt believe it.)Leo la carta que me han escrito esta maà ±ana. (I am reading the letter they wrote to me this morning.)Esta maà ±ana he estado en Madrid. (This morning I was in Madrid.) But even where the context doesnt dictate so, the present perfect can be the equivalent of the English preterite, also known as the simple past. This is especially true for events that occurred very recently. Youre also more likely to hear the present perfect used in this way in Spain than in most of Latin America, where the preterite may be preferred (e.g., llegà ³ hace un rato). Key Takeaways The present perfect tense is formed by following the present tense of haber with a past participle.No words should intervene between haber and the participle.The Spanish present perfect sometimes is used to indicate than an action recently took place rather than merely that it has occurred.

Managerial Applications of Technology (Business Intelligence and Assignment - 1

Managerial Applications of Technology (Business Intelligence and Knowledge Management) 2 - Assignment Example The computational power increase enables more data handling, and faster response and resolution of the problems and queries. The two are mere advancements of the field of technology made possible through the business intelligence support system. The impact of these two functions is rapid delivery rates and increased participation of the employees in the working procedures. These three variables work in a complementing manner towards one another. The possible costs of this massive expansion could be the need for establishing maintenance costs. Training the employees to work on the state of the art technology based networks is another constraint. Possible appearance of bug in the network may be another cost and constraint (Levinson, Bell, & Liu, 2011, p. 194). More data nearly always means better decision making. Since it allows clear litmus like test of the performance, achievements and the dates and objectives missed in the quantitative terms. Hence it can be easily advocated for that the data expansion and using business intelligence systems always pays dividends in the form of improved performance, self assessment and better employees understanding (Quintero et.al, 2010). Donovan, F. (2013, Feb 20). Gartner: Microsoft, Oracle, IBM lead BI and analytics market. Retrieved from fierceenterprisecommunications: http://www.fierceenterprisecommunications.com/story/gartner-microsoft-oracle-ibm-lead-bi-and-analytics-market/2013-02-20 Levinson, D., Bell, M., & Liu, H. X. (2011). Network Reliability in Practice: Selected Papers from the Fourth International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability. Springer Science & Business

My Journey as a Future Educator Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

My Journey as a Future Educator - Essay Example As my first day as a teacher’s assistant approached, my self-confidence took a huge dip. I felt so nervous, as I watched children in a playground in the school I’ve passed on my way home one day. The children I’ve estimated to be in the age group I will be working with seemed so intimidating all of a sudden. The older ones would climb to the highest point of the tower in the play equipment, flailing their arms ignoring the adults’ warnings way below them on the ground. I thought these children were fearless! I was afraid for myself. I guess it won’t be a piece of cake after all. My initial observation inspired me to turn to more studying about children at this age and how I should deal with them. I read several theories about this stage. I learned that working with all children regardless of age involves many considerations. One is to see each child at his or her own developmental level and create activities and opportunities appropriate to their pa rticular levels. The child needs to develop holistically, meaning each developmental area is given attention to so growth and development as a whole person ensues. The teacher needs careful planning and implementation of activities so that children under their care grow in all areas.The process of growth and maturity of an individual entails development in physical, cognitive, social, emotional and moral areas. Development in one area affects another. In children, this is very obvious, as they are at a stage in life when development occurs rapidly.... Physically, a child’s body grows in accordance to the genetic structure he was born with. Logically, children grow bigger and taller and every year, their growth is obviously apparent in the clothes that don’t fit them anymore from a few months before, and the height and weight that drastically increased from their last doctor’s check-up. Physically, young children develop more strength as their bodies’ proportions become more adult-like. Beginnings of athletic skills such as running, jumping and hopping are manifested. Fine motors skills, such as writing and drawing, develop slowly Their motor skills also develop in accordance to their developmental needs. This means, the older they get, the more things they are expected to do, so they develop physical skills to be able to do such tasks. Intelligence is another area where one grows over time. I learned that by the time a child steps into the early childhood stage, his brain has attained 90% of its adult w eight by age 5 (Developmental Stages, 2011). This develops faster than any other body part. Jean Piaget, among others, has outlined a remarkable framework in the cognitive development of a person and describes each stage. Five to seven year old children belong to Piaget’s Preoperational Period. This marks the time when a child becomes able to represent objects and knowledge through imitation, symbolic play, drawing, mental images and spoken language. Lack of conservation skills is also characteristic of this stage. â€Å"Conservation is defined as the knowledge that the number, mass, area, length, weight, and volume of objects are not changed by physically rearranging the objects.† (Brewer, 2001, p. 58). The seven year olds are actually in transition to the next cognitive stage which is the Concrete

What do you find irritating about a certain media text Essay Example for Free

What do you find irritating about a certain media text Essay A media text that I find quite irritating is the reality television programme Big Brother. This programme has become something of a phenomenon since it began in the Netherlands in 1999, spreading throughout various countries normally a series or two each year. The show is based around a number of contestants who are isolated from the outside world in a Big Brother House one by one being eliminated until there is an ultimate winner. The show relies on its vast audience to vote for whom they would like to be eliminated from the house each week. It is this huge response that the producers receive each year that keeps the show running, however over the years, this huge following has resulted in each contestant only applying for the show because of the quick rise to fame that follows after the show ends, and according to the Learning and Skills Council; one in seven UK teenagers hope to gain fame by appearing on reality television. The media have also become obsessed with the programme, and it is not unusual to see these contestants on the front pages of magazines, revealing shocking stories of their past. The fascination and ultimate obsession that the public has with these ordinary contestants has caused many unnecessary disagreements both on and off the show, which have dominated newspaper headlines when there may be something of greater importance to account. The idea of Big Brother did originate from Dutchman John De Mol, however the shows name comes from George Orwells novel Nineteen-Eighty-Four, in which there is a character named Big Brother who oversees all of dystopian Oceania. The contestants that are sent into the house are often chosen from a sociological perspective, where tension can arise quite easily between people, i. e. placing a loud extroverted person with quite a withdrawn individual in the same room would cause a lot of arguments due to clash of personality. These clashes of personality have cause many incidents over each series of the show, often escalating each year. One example of this would be the fifth series of Celebrity Big Brother (a spin off show of Big Brother containing contestants of a small celebrity status) which took place in January 2007, where a row sparked by racial comments towards Asian contestant Shilpa Shetty was heard around the world. Channel 4 stated that they received a record number of complaints citing racial bullying, and blamed producers for not intervening with the situation. The current prime minister Gordon Brown was hounded by the media to give his views on the incident, which one may find incredibly absurd, as it seems we live in a world where a television programme has more priority than important political affairs. The reaction in Shettys native country, India, was also incredibly shocking as citizens took to the streets of India and burned effigies of the shows organisers. After this huge and rather outrageous reaction, many protested that Big Brother should be axed from Channel 4 and a new series should not return, however this is not happen and Big Brother returned in the summer for an eighth series. The continuation of the show has much relevance to the key concepts, involving the institutions that produce shows such as Big Brother and the audiences that consume them. The reaction that the media and audiences gave to the producers on the racial bullying that appeared on Big Brother may not have been incredibly positive, however it still caused an enormous controversial uproar in the media world, which acted as good publicity for the Big Brother brand. This is proven with the rating figures that followed with Big Brother 8 which were some of the highest the show had ever received, and there is a simple reason for this audiences are addicted to the taboo effect that the show can bring into the household, along with an incredible fascination with watching and analysing ordinary people in an extraordinary environment. What is normally kept behind closed doors in everyday life is available for all to see on national television, and audiences take full advantage of the fact that it is possible to peek into anothers personal space. The media (magazines, newspapers etc. ) observe this fascination and fuel it with articles that ridicule certain contestants to pass them up to the public for furthermore analysing and examination. However, the scrutiny of certain individuals on the show does not seem fair in my opinion, but the show has become so widespread it is now a known fact that any person that enters the house is aware that the media will ridicule their lifestyle. Screenwriter Sheryl Longin stated the difference to the brain between watching reality television and scripted drama is like the difference to our vision between High Definition television and 1970s quality video. In my opinion this is incredibly unfortunate as television is being dominated by these reality television shows due to our obsession with.

The Presidential Debates :: Politics Political Science Essays

The Presidential Debates A picture is worth a thousand words. Get that picture played repeatedly over the news and it’s worth more than a thousand words; you gather the entire eyes, ears, and minds of a nation. The â€Å"great debate† of the Presidential Election for 2004 was well aware of the media power, understanding that there is a 24-news cycle available through TV, newspapers, and Internet. Those who wanted to remain ahead only had to use the media as their guinea pigs to twist out their favorable outcome. President Bush may be incumbent but his team behind the debate is not; John Kerry may be long-winded but his team behind the debate knows how to attract attention quickly. Both candidates may not have known what stage was being set October 4, 2004 but their campaign aids and analysts knew that in order to turn an American audience onto their side they knew manipulation of the media would turn into manipulation of the public. For those watching the first debate it was easy to see which candidate was better prepared and over-all more likeable. While John Kerry spoke on point, direct, and quickly, President Bush was defensive, angry, and often repetitive; idiotic remarks such as, ''Of course I know Osama bin Laden attacked us -- I know that,† stuck out like sore thumbs amidst a debate of intelligence, and cool comebacks (New York Times). The use of the split-screen by some cable networks such as Fox Network News, presented the debate with a split-screen allowing â€Å"... several shots of Bush grimacing and looking quite hostile during Kerry's criticisms of his Iraq actions† creating the effect that â€Å"Kerry was aware of the camera’s gaze and Bush perhaps did not† (The Los Angeles Times). The overall effect of the split-screen was favorable to Kerry and unfavorable to Bush, allowing for the Democratic and Republican parties to try and convey their opinions of whe ther this was fair. Kerry officials were ecstatic over the results, comparing the President to Al Gore’s reactions in the 2000 debate â€Å"memorable† and â€Å"counter productive† (The Los Angeles Times). While Kerry officials were gloating the Bush campaign tried to play if off coolly, acting as if the reactions of the President did nothing more than a man who showed his emotion and conviction last night in answering questions and listening to someone de-credit him in the American Public (The Los Angeles Times). The Presidential Debates :: Politics Political Science Essays The Presidential Debates A picture is worth a thousand words. Get that picture played repeatedly over the news and it’s worth more than a thousand words; you gather the entire eyes, ears, and minds of a nation. The â€Å"great debate† of the Presidential Election for 2004 was well aware of the media power, understanding that there is a 24-news cycle available through TV, newspapers, and Internet. Those who wanted to remain ahead only had to use the media as their guinea pigs to twist out their favorable outcome. President Bush may be incumbent but his team behind the debate is not; John Kerry may be long-winded but his team behind the debate knows how to attract attention quickly. Both candidates may not have known what stage was being set October 4, 2004 but their campaign aids and analysts knew that in order to turn an American audience onto their side they knew manipulation of the media would turn into manipulation of the public. For those watching the first debate it was easy to see which candidate was better prepared and over-all more likeable. While John Kerry spoke on point, direct, and quickly, President Bush was defensive, angry, and often repetitive; idiotic remarks such as, ''Of course I know Osama bin Laden attacked us -- I know that,† stuck out like sore thumbs amidst a debate of intelligence, and cool comebacks (New York Times). The use of the split-screen by some cable networks such as Fox Network News, presented the debate with a split-screen allowing â€Å"... several shots of Bush grimacing and looking quite hostile during Kerry's criticisms of his Iraq actions† creating the effect that â€Å"Kerry was aware of the camera’s gaze and Bush perhaps did not† (The Los Angeles Times). The overall effect of the split-screen was favorable to Kerry and unfavorable to Bush, allowing for the Democratic and Republican parties to try and convey their opinions of whe ther this was fair. Kerry officials were ecstatic over the results, comparing the President to Al Gore’s reactions in the 2000 debate â€Å"memorable† and â€Å"counter productive† (The Los Angeles Times). While Kerry officials were gloating the Bush campaign tried to play if off coolly, acting as if the reactions of the President did nothing more than a man who showed his emotion and conviction last night in answering questions and listening to someone de-credit him in the American Public (The Los Angeles Times).

American Popular Culture – Essay

American Popular Culture Leonel Gutierrez SOC/ 105 September 11, 2012 Gregory Shrout American Popular Culture Our communities are built on a foundation whose culture we build. Through our culture, we define who we are as individuals and how our societies influence our communities. American popular culture has a great influence on our personal decisions and is a very important aspect of our lifestyle. Through television, magazines, newspapers, music, sports and countless other sources, we learn a culture that create who we are and what we decide. One way to resolve this seeming dilemma is to think of culture in an anthropological sense, as the distinct practices, artifacts, institutions, customs, and values of a particular social group† (Petracca, 2007). Undoubtedly, we all practice different ways to assume a culture. Through generations, we learn the different aspects that make up who we are. As children some us learn how to play sports and implement that into our daily habits. Kicking a ball becomes part of daily routine and soccer becomes part of who we are and what we share with that community.Perhaps going to church is part of our social normality. The qualities learned by attending that community helps us obtain our values as a person, developing who we are. Culture is much more than just a practice, it’s an illustration of who we are, where we belong to. Whether it’s part of a soccer club whose reputation we hold dearly and work daily to win for, or a religion whose practices and laws we follow to make up our values and feel our sense of purpose. Popular culture encompasses the most immediate and contemporary elements in our lives—elements which are often subject to rapid changes in a highly technological world in which people are brought closer and closer by the ubiquitous mass media† (Petracca, 2007). American popular culture consist of the different customs, communities and values that make up the different trends that exist through the mass of the population, driven through the media. When we refer to what is popular among Americans, we have to involve the medias influence.The common popular culture results from television, music, sports and many other significant media driven influences. Television has one of the biggest influences that create what is â€Å"popular† among people. Through commercials, in many cases with popular athletes, the media sends messages to the general public, which directly influence each person individually. An athlete, like Derrick Rose drinking a popular beverage like Gatorade or Eli and Peyton Manning representing Direct TV as their choice of network, has a direct influence on what we drink or what network we chose to what Television with.People see their favorite athletes representing these different brands and taking part in commercials and make decisions based on that message by the media. Another popular trend in today’s American popular culture is our fashion influence. Kim Kardashian is a big fashion influence in this day in age and has captured the hearts of many young women. Without a doubt, she’s a role model for todays fashion sense in our female youth. Many females want to dress in the same clothes, style their hair the same way, fix their makeup to reflect what she does.Kim Kardashian has become an icon whose media influence has developed habits worldwide. Women have adopted her style, sometimes even her values and show in today’s female youth. In addition, music is indeed another big influence among the popular culture. Rick Ross will tell you that he’s a â€Å"Boss† and show off his thousand-dollar jewelry, fancy cars and million dollar homes. After the bright camera lights turn off and the thundering bass amplifying through the speakers dies out, we’re left with the message brought behind the music. How many people can afford all these material things? Only a selected few I would s ay.Although this is the case, you see many people out there buying expensive cars on credit, maxing out their paychecks to maybe try to be a â€Å"Boss† while all their saving seize to exist. Although we may not put much thought into the decisions we make on a daily basis, American popular culture directly influences what we chose to be part of our lives. What we see on televisions, read in newspapers, hear through the music we listen to, directly reflect the medias influence towards every person individually. Whether it’s the television network we chose, the music we listen to or the clothes we chose to wear, we are a product of those nfluences and are the make up of our community and social normality. References Petracca, (2007) stated, â€Å"One way to resolve this seeming dilemma is to think of culture in an anthropological sense, as the distinct practices, artifacts, institutions, customs, and values of a particular social group† (p2). Petracca, (2007) stat ed, â€Å"Popular culture encompasses the most immediate and contemporary elements in our lives—elements which are often subject to rapid changes in a highly technological world in which people are brought closer and closer by the ubiquitous mass media† (p2).

Typography and Clarendon

Clarendon is a classical font that was designed by Robert Besley. In 1842, Besley entered the design under Britain’s Ornamental Designs Act. It was than released in the year 1845 for the Fann Street Foundry in England. Clarendon was named after the Clarendon Press in Oxford. It is acknowledged as the first major listed English slab-serif typeface, because Besley worked hard at trying to patent the typeface. The font patents around that time merely lasted up to three years, as soon as it became extremely well liked and a lot of foundries copied it.In 1935, the Monotype foundry revised Clarendon typeface. The first templates and major hits for Clarendon stayed at Stephenson Blake and market and then afterwards founded at the Type Museum in London. In 1953, Hermann Eidenbenz took over and reworked it. Today Clarendon has ten font names that you can use such as: Clarendon Black, Clarendon Bold, Clarendon Extra Bold, Clarendon Bold Condensed, Clarendon Condensed, Clarendon Heavy, C larendon Light, Clarendon Medium, Clarendon Regular, and Clarendon Roman. They call it a slab-serif because it has some bracketing and some contrast in size.Clarendon was one of the final century typography to be developed. Clarendon is also a metal type and a popular wood type. It emphasizes text by being the primary design to be related bold. As an example of this it emphasizes, â€Å"WANTED† in the old west signs. Clarendon came along ways over the past years now several logotypes that are recognized in the United States of America uses this font. In 1973, the Sony logo was created and is used in Clarendon Bold Expanded. The national parks signs that are known worldwide are Clarendon font.Also People Magazine logo, Ruby Tuesday logo, Starbucks logo and so forth use the font Clarendon. Work Cited â€Å"Typedia. † : Clarendon. Media Temple, 2006-2012. Web. 24 Oct. 2012. . â€Å"Know Your Type: Clarendon. † Idsgn: A Design Blog. N. p. , 21 Aug. 2009. Web. 24 Oct . 2012. . SONY logo Clarendon in use: People magazine logo, US National Parks signage, Ruby Tuesday logo, Starbucks Chocolate logo, Pitchfork logo, Tonka logo, U2 album cover, Riki Watanabe clock, Wells Fargo logo

Anxiolytic activity Essays

Anxiolytic activity Essays Anxiolytic activity Essay Anxiolytic activity Essay Anxiolytic activity of Fennel fruit soxhlet Abstraction: Aim: The aim of the survey was to look into the anxiolytic activity of Fennel fruit Soxhlet in mice. Materials and Methods: Elevated plus maze ( EPM ) , light and dark box Arena ( L A ; DB ) and rotarod trial were the showing trials used to measure the anxiolytic activity of the soxhlet on mice. Diazepam ( 4 mg/kg ) served as the standard anxiolytic agent. Consequences: Diazepam treated mice showed a important addition in the figure of unfastened arm entries, percentile ratio of open/total arm entries and clip spent in the unfastened weaponries and Soxhlet treated mice exhibited a important addition in the figure of unfastened arm entries, clip spent in the unfastened weaponries, percentile ratio of unfastened arm to entire arm entries and figure of entire arm entriesin EPM at the doses of 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg/kg. Diazepam treated mice showed a important addition in the figure of light chamber entries, percentile ratio of light chamber to entire chamber entries and clip spent in the light chamber and Soxhlet treated mice exhibited a important addition in the figure of light chamber entries, clip spent in the light chamber, percentile ratio of light chamber to entire chamber entries and figure of entire chamber entries in L A ; DB at the doses of 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg. The keeping clip significantly decreased in the Diazepam and Soxhlet treated group when compared with the control group. Among test drug treated groups, 750 and 1000 mg/kg showed pronounced betterment ( P lt ; 0.01 ) compared to 250 and 500 mg/kg. Decision: Soxhlet of Fennel fruits produces outstanding anxiolytic activity in mice. Cardinal word: Anxiolytic, Anti anxiousness, Fennel fruit, Foeniculum vulgare Introduction: Anxiety is a normal emotional behavior. When it is terrible and/or chronic, nevertheless, it becomes pathological and can precipitate or worsen cardiovascular and psychiatric upsets. Although many drugs are available in allopathic medical specialty to handle anxiousness upsets, they produce assorted systemic side effects or exhibit tolerance upon chronic usage. In ayurvedic medical specialty, many works merchandises have been claimed to be free from side effects and less toxic than man-made drugs1. Fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare ) is a works species in the genus Foeniculum ( treated as the exclusive species in the genus by most phytologists ) 2. Fennel was good known to the Ancientss and was cultivated by the antediluvian Romans for its aromatic fruits and succulent, comestible shoots. Pliny had much religion in its medicative belongingss, harmonizing no less than 22 redresss to it, detecting besides that snake eat it when they cast their old teguments, and they sharpen their sight with the juice by rubbing against the plant3. Fennel is used for many intents like digestion, slimming and weight loss, detoxifier, hiking metamorphosis, tummy spasms, pyrosis, helps with forenoon illness, bloating, blushing the kidneys, helpful after chemotherapy and radiation4, hepatoprotective5, in asthma6 and many more upsets. Fennel tea exhibits impermanent CNS perturbations, vomit, lassitude, hapless Suckling, restlessness and torpor7. Fennel oil was found to be genotoxic in the B. subtilis DNA-re pair test8. Three pharmacologically validated experimental theoretical accounts like elevated plus maze 9, visible radiation and dark box10 and rotarod test11 were employed. Material and Method: Animals Male Swiss albino mice ( Mus muscle ) , weighing 25-35 g, were procured from the cardinal animate being house, Department ofAnimal house, Sree Siddaganga College of Pharmacy, Tumkur, affiliated to Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore. The animate beings were maintained at the cardinal animate being house and were fed on a criterion balanced diet ( Hindustan Lever, Bangalore ) and provided with H2O ad libitum. All surveies were conducted in conformity with the National Institute of Health Guide. Chemical Clampose ( Diazepam ) is obtained commercially, manufactured by Ranbaxy laboratories Ltd. , used as Standard drug. Plant stuff and readying of infusions 500 gms of the dried fruits of Foeniculum vulgare were placed in a soxhlet setup with 300 milliliters of aqueous vehicle for 48 h. The full infusion of Foeniculum vulgare fruits was evaporated to dryness at low temperature. Storage The dose signifiers of the infusions were prepared newly and maintain, at temperature below room temperature, in airtight, amber colored phials to protect them from visible radiation. Dose Fixation Animal surveies have demonstrated toxic effects of fennel indispensable oil on foetal cells. However, no grounds of teratogenicity was seen12. No pathological toxicity was seen in the variety meats of dead animate beings, bespeaking that decease may be caused by the effects of metabolite instability or nervous system toxicity. The value of LD 50 was 1,326 mg/kg13. Appraisal of anxiolytic activity: Treatment agenda Elevated plus maze, light and dark box and rotarod trial: The animate beings were divided into 18 groups, dwelling of 6 mice per group. Groups 1, 7 and 13 received vehicle saline as control. Groups 2, 8 and 14 standard Standard anxiolytic drug ( Diazepam- 4mg/kg ) ; Groups 3, 9 and 15 standard trial drug ( soxhlet- 250mg/kg ) ; Groups 4,10 and 16 standard trial drug ( soxhlet- 500mg/kg ) ; Groups 5,11 and 17 standard trial drug ( soxhlet- 750mg/kg ) ; and Groups 6,12 and 18 standard trial drug ( soxhlet- 1000mg/kg ) . Elevated plus maze ( EPM ) The EPM setup consisted of two unfastened weaponries ( 30 x 5 centimeter ) and two closed weaponries ( 30 x 5 ten 20 centimeter ) emanating from a common cardinal platform ( 5 x 5 centimeter ) . The two braces of indistinguishable weaponries were opposite to each other. The full setup was elevated to a tallness of 50 centimeters above the floor degree. The animate beings received the intervention as per the agenda, 45 min before the start of the session. At the beginning of the session, a mouse was placed at the Centre of the labyrinth, its caput confronting the closed arm. It was allowed to research the labyrinth for 5 min. The clip spent in the unfastened arm, per centum entries in the unfastened and closed weaponries and entire entries were recorded. An entry was defined as the presence of all four paws in the arm. The EPM was carefully wiped, with 10 % ethyl alcohol after each test, to extinguish the possible prejudice due to the smell of the old animal14. Light and dark box ( LDB ) The setup consisted of an unfastened top wooden box. Two distinguishable Chamberss, a black chamber ( 20 X 30 Ten 35 centimeter ) painted black and lighted with dimmed ruddy visible radiation and a bright chamber ( 30 X 30 Ten 35 centimeter ) painted white and brilliantly illuminated with 100 W white visible radiation beginning, were located 17 centimeters above the box. The two Chamberss were connected through a little unfastened room access ( 7.5 X 5 centimeter ) situated on the floor degree at the Centre of the partition10. Rotarod trial Motor coordination was measured on the 7th twenty-four hours utilizing an automated rotarod ( Amni, Rotar Instrumentation, Columbus, OH, USA ) . The animate beings were exposed to 10 tests on a rotating rod at 10 revolutions per minute at 5 min. intervals with a cut off clip of 180 seconds15. The rotor was divided into two compartments, which could let two mice at a clip. The mean keeping clip on the rod was calculated. Statistical analysis One manner analysis of discrepancy ( One manner ANOVA ) followed by Scheffe s trial was employed for the analysis of anxiolytic belongings. P lt ; 0.01 was considered important. Consequence: Elevated plus maze ( EPM ) Diazepam treated mice showed a important addition in the figure of unfastened arm entries ( 4 mg/kg ) , percentile ratio of unfastened arm to entire arm entries ( 4 mg/kg ) and clip spent in the unfastened weaponries ( 4 mg/kg ) . They showed a decrease in clip spent in the closed weaponries ( 4 mg/kg ) . Soxhlet treated mice exhibited a important addition in the figure of unfastened arm entries ( 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg/kg ) , clip spent in the unfastened weaponries ( 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg/kg ) , percentile ratio of unfastened arm to entire arm entries ( 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg/kg ) and figure of entire arm entries ( 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg/kg ) but a lessening in clip spent in the closed weaponries ( 750 and 1000 mg/kg ) . Among test drug treated groups, 750 and 1000 mg/kg showed pronounced betterment ( P lt ; 0.01 ) compared to 250 and 500 mg/kg. Table-1: Elevated Pus labyrinth ( EPM ) S. No. Groups Dose No. of arm enteries Percentile ratio of Open/Total arm entries Time spent in weaponries Open arm Entire Open arm Closed arm 1. Group I ( Control ) 2.5 ±0.30* 5.33 ±0.20* 45.3 ±0.01* 6.7 ±0.21* 264.5 ±0.22* 2. Group II ( Standard ) 4mg/kg 11.5 ±0.30* 13.7 ±0.27* 78.5 ±0.00* 195.5 ±0.28* 47.5 ±0.28* 3. Group III ( Test ) 250mg/kg 7.5 ±0.33* 12.5 ±0.18* 66.1 ±0.01* 105.6 ±0.26* 150.5 ±0.28* 4. Group IV ( Test ) 500mg/kg 9.16 ±0.23* 13.7 ±0.27* 72.85 ±0.01* 138.3 ±0.46* 121 ±0.73* 5. Group V ( Test ) 750mg/kg 12.5 0.50* 15.6 ±0.16* 85.3 ±0.21* 164.0 ±0.53* 110 ±0.28* 6. Group VI ( Test ) 1000mg/kg 15.3 ±0.28* 17.0 ±0.08* 99.9 ±0.27* 190.5 ±0.28* 71 ±0.33* Valuess are provided in Mean ±SEM mode. * P lt ; 0.01 One manner ANOVA statistic was carried out. Light and dark box ( L A ; DB ) Diazepam treated mice showed a important addition in the figure of light chamber entries ( 4 mg/kg ) , percentile ratio of light chamber to entire chamber entries ( 4 mg/kg ) and clip spent in the light chamber ( 4 mg/kg ) . They showed a decrease in clip spent in the dark chamber ( 4 mg/kg ) . Soxhlet treated mice exhibited a important addition in the figure of light chamber entries ( 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg/kg ) , clip spent in the light chamber ( 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg/kg ) , percentile ratio of light chamber to entire chamber entries ( 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg/kg ) and figure of entire chamber entries ( 250, 500, 750 and 1000mg/kg ) but a lessening in clip spent in the dark chamber ( 750 and 1000 mg/kg ) . Among test drug treated groups, 750 and 1000 mg/kg showed pronounced betterment ( P lt ; 0.01 ) compared to 250 and 500 mg/kg. Table-2: Light and dark box ( L A ; DB ) S. No. Groups Dose No. of chamber enteries Percentile ratio of Light/Total chamber entries Time spent in weaponries Light chamber Entire Light chamber Dark chamber 1. Group I ( Control ) 1.0 ±0.20* 3.50 ±0.29* 38.8 ±0.02* 5.1 ±0.16* 285.6 ±0.28* 2. Group II ( Standard ) 4mg/kg 7.61 ±0.10* 9.61 ±0.30* 93.3 ±0.01* 213.5 ±0.15* 42.5 ±0.30* 3. Group III ( Test ) 250mg/kg 5.5 ±0.15* 11.0 ±0.15* 63.6 ±0.01* 85.0 ±0.6* 171 ±0.75* 4. Group IV ( Test ) 500mg/kg 7.51 ±0.15* 11.0 ±0.15* 74.2 ±0.02* 98.3 ±0.05* 153.4 ±0.30* 5. Group V ( Test ) 750mg/kg 9.41 ±0.13* 12.5 ±0.3* 80.8 ±0.01* 141.8 ±0.3* 129.6 ±0.48* 6. Group VI ( Test ) 1000mg/kg 11.5 ±0.15* 14.4 ±0.28* 100.4 ±0.30* 179.1 ±0.6* 95.6 ±0.30* Valuess are provided in Mean ±SEM mode. * P lt ; 0.01 One manner ANOVA statistic was carried out. Rotarod trial The keeping clip significantly decreased in the criterion ( Diazepam- 4mg/kg ) and test drug ( Soxhlet- 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg ) treated group when compared with the control ( Saline ) group. Muscle gripping strength significantly ( P lt ; 0.01 ) lessenings in 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mg/kg of test drug treated groups. Among test drug treated groups, 750 and 1000 mg/kg showed pronounced betterment ( P lt ; 0.01 ) compared to 250 and 500 mg/kg. Table-3: Rotarod trial S. No. Groups Dose Fall of clip Percentile lessening in autumn clip Before After 1. Group I ( Control ) 31.8 ±0.01* 30.6 ±0.33* 6.8 ±0.04* 2. Group II ( Standard ) 4mg/kg 35.0 ±0.00* 5.3 ±0.33* 96.5 ±0.02* 3. Group III ( Test ) 250mg/kg 32.5 ±0.16* 22.6 ±0.02* 37.9 ±0.02* 4. Group IV ( Test ) 500mg/kg 30.8 ±0.16* 17.2 ±0.16* 51.7 ±0.04* 5. Group V ( Test ) 750mg/kg 35.2 ±0.01* 12.4 ±0.02* 79.3 ±0.16* 6. Group VI ( Test ) 1000mg/kg 38.1 ±0.33* 8.5 ±0.16* 99.9 ±0.27* Valuess are provided in Mean ±SEM mode. * P lt ; 0.01 One manner ANOVA statistic was carried out. Discussion: The three experimental theoretical accounts of anxiousness, elevated plus maze and bright and dark box sphere and rotarod trial, are based on the premise that unfamiliar, non-protective and brilliantly lit environmental emphasis provokes suppression of normal behaviour. This normal behavioural suppression is farther augmented in the presence of fright or anxiousness like province. In the elevated plus maze, the unfastened weaponries are more fear provoking than the closed weaponries. The ratio of entries, clip spent and rise uping behaviour in unfastened weaponries to closed weaponries reflects the safety of closed weaponries with comparative fright of unfastened arms16. The decrease in entry, clip spent, ratio of unfastened arm to entire arm entries and increased laxation are the indicants of high degree of fright or anxiousness. Anxiolytic drugs increase the proportion of entries, clip spent and rise uping in unfastened weaponries. They besides increase the ratio of unfastened arm to entire arm entries. In the visible radiation and dark box paradigm, the brilliantly illuminated environment is a noxious environment stressor that inhibits the explorative behaviour of gnawers. Decrease in the figure of entries, clip spent and rise uping behaviour in the light chamber is regarded as markers of anxiety10 that can be reduced due to a high degree of fright. Test drug administered mice, subjected to the rotarod trial, revealed a important loss of muscular coordination and the hapless public presentation. This could be due to loss of muscular strength17. The fruits ( seeds ) contain a figure of flavonoid compounds, including quercetin 3-glucuronide, isoquercetin, kaempferol 3-glucuronide, and kaempferol 3-arabinoside18. The GLC measurings of the fennel volatile oil reveal that the t-anethole is the prevailing fraction19. It is good known that infusions, works sources20 isolated components from plants21 and man-made drugs such as benzodiazepines and phenobarbital22 possess anxiolytic and ataractic activities. In the EPM, the lessening in the clip spent in the unfastened arm, without a alteration in the unfastened arm, closed arm and entire entries at higher doses, may be attributed to the ataractic consequence of the infusions. This agreed with the earlier study by Sukma et al 23 in the instance of barakol, a component of Cassia siamia Lamk. Fennel oil, its components and related compounds were examined to happen those that would suppress collection of coney thrombocytes induced by ADP, collagen or arachidonic acid. Fennel oil is proved to be good inhibitors, every bit effectual as acetylsalicylic acid, against thrombocyte aggregation24. And platelet collection evoked by 5-hydroxytryptamine and A23187, a Ca ionophore25. So, the drug may be serotonin adversary or a calcium channel blocker. The function of 5-HT in anxiousness is now good established and it has been once and for all shown that addition in cardinal serotonergic activity constantly leads to anxiety, whereas lessening in encephalon 5-HT activity consequences in anxiolysis26. Calcium ionophores are by and large assumed to straight ease the conveyance of Ca2+ across the plasma membrane27. Fennel besides has utilizations for handling angina due to calcium channel blocker like effect28. In an effort to happen as tocolytic agents with less inauspicious consequence the fennel indispensable oil as Ca channel blocker is the best13. The ability of Ca channel blockers to displace the binding of benzodiazepine ligands was investigated in rat bosom, kidney, and encephalon. The dihydropyridine Ca channel blockers nifedipine and nitrendipine displaced the binding of the non-neuronal-site ligand [ 3H ] Ro5-486429 and Nifedipine ( 2 and 5 mg/kg ) , a dihydropyridine-type Ca2+ channel blocker, produced a flumazenil-resistant anxiolytic effect30. In this manner test drug may be calcium channel blocker and possess Anxiolytic belongings. As the trial drug possesses anxiolytic-like consequence similar to that of Valium, still it should be farther studied to find its possible usage in human existences. Mentions: 1. Pari L, Maheshwari JU: Hypoglycemic effects of Musa sapientum L in alloxan induced diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 1999 ; 38: 1-5. 2. wikipedia.com- hypertext transfer protocol: //en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fennel 3. Botanicals.com- hypertext transfer protocol: //www.botanical.com/botanical/mgmh/f/fennel01.html 4. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.ageless.co.za/fennel.htm 5. H Ozbek, S Ugras , H Dulger, I Bayram, I Tuncer, G Ozturk and A. Ozturk: Hepatoprotective consequence of Foeniculum vulgare indispensable oil. Fitoterapia, 2003 ; 74 ( 3 ) : 317-319 6. MH Boskabady, A Khatami: Relaxant Effect of Foeniculum vulgare on Isolated Guinea Pig Tracheal Chains. Pharmaceutical Biology, 2003 ; 41 ( 3 ) : 211 215. 7. James A. Duke, Mary Jo Bogenschutz-Godwin, Judi Ducellier: Handbook of Medicinal Herbs. CRC Press, 2002, ISBN 0849312841, 9780849312847.pages 295. 8. Sekizawa J, Shibamoto T: Genotoxicity of safrole-related chemicals in microbic trial systems. Mutat Res. 1982 ; 101 ( 2 ) : 127-140. 9. Emanghoreishi, -M. ; Khasaki, -M. ; Aazam, -M.F. : Coriandrum sativum: rating of its anxiolytic consequence in the elevated plus-maze. Journal of ethnopharmacology 2005 ; 96 ( 3 ) : 365-370. 10. Costall B, Domeney AM, Gerrard PA, Kelly ME, Naylor RJ. Zacopride: anxiolytic profile in gnawer and archpriest theoretical accounts of anxiousness. J Pharm Pharmacol 88 ; 40: 302-5. 11. Mohanasundari M, Sethupathy S, Sabesan M. : The consequence of Hypericum perforatum infusion against the neurochemical and behavioral alterations induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ( MPTP ) in mice. Indian J Pharmacol 2006 ; 38: 266-70 12. Ostad SN, Khakinegad B, Sabzevari O. : Evaluation of the teratogenicity of fennel indispensable oil ( FEO ) on the rat embryo limb buds civilization. Toxicol In Vitro. 2004 ; 18 ( 5 ) : 623-627. 13. 11448553. Ostad SN, Soodi M, Shariffzadeh M, Khorshidi N, Marzban H. : The consequence of fennel indispensable oil on uterine contraction as a theoretical account for dysmenorrhea, pharmacological medicine and toxicology survey. J Ethnopharmacol. 2001 ; 76 ( 3 ) : 299-304. 14. Trease EG, Evans WC. Textbook of Pharmacognosy, 12th erectile dysfunction. Singapore: Alden Press ; 1983. 15. Rozas G, Liste I, Guerra HJ, Labandesia JL. : An machine-controlled rotarod method for quantitative drug-free rating of overall motor shortages in rat theoretical accounts of Parkinsonism. Brain Res Protocols 1995 ; 245: 151-4 16. Pellow S, Chopin P, File SE, Briley M. : Validation of open-closed arm entries in elevated plus maze as a step of anxiousness in the rat. J Neurosci Methods 1985 ; 14: 149-67. 17. Ohkawa H, Ohishi W, Yahik K. : Assay for lipid peroxidation in carnal tissues by thiobarbituric acerb reaction. Anal Biochem 1979 ; 95: 351-58. 18. Kunzemann J, Hermann K. : Isolation and designation of flavon ( ol ) -O-glycosides in Carum carvi ( Carum carvi L. ) , fennel ( Foeniculum vulgare Mill. ) , anise ( Pimpinella anisum L. ) , and Chinese parsley ( Coriandrum sativum L. ) , and of flavon-C-glycosides in Pimpinella anisum. I. Phenolics of spices [ in German ] . Z Lebensm Unters Forsch. 1977 ; 164 ( 3 ) : 194-200. 19. El- Motaium, R. , El- Seoud, M. : Irradiated sewerage sludge for the production of fennel workss in flaxen dirt. Springer, Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems 2007 ; 78 ( 2 ) : 133-142 ( 10 ) . 20. Peng WH, Hsieh MT, Lee YS, Lin YC, Liao J. : Anxiolytic consequence of seed of Ziziphus jujuba in mouse theoretical accounts of anxiousness. J Ethnopharmacol 2000 ; 72: 435-41. 21. Cha HY, Seo JJ, Park JH, Choi KJ, Hong JT, Oh JK. : Anxiolytic Effectss of entire saponin fraction from Ginseng Radix Rubra on the elevated plus-maze theoretical account in mice. Ginseng Res 2004 ; 28: 132-5. 22. Treit D. Animal theoretical accounts for the survey of anti-anxiety agents: A reappraisal. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 1985 ; 9: 203-22. 23. Sukma M, Chaichantipyuth C, Murakami Y, Tohda M, Matsumoto K, Watanabe H. : CNS repressive effects of barakol, a component of Cassia siamia Lamk. J Ethnopharmacol 2002 ; 83: 87-94. 24. Yoshioka, Masanori, Tamada, Terumi: Aromatic factors of anti-platelet collection in fennel oil. VSP, an imprint of Brill, Biogenic Amines 2005 ; 19 ( 2 ) : 89-96 ( 8 ) . 25. Connor J.D. , Rasheed H. , Gilani A.H. , Cheema M. , Rizvi Z. , Saeed S.A: Second couriers in thrombocyte collection evoked by 5-hydroxytryptamine and A23187, a Ca ionophore. Elsevier, Life Sciences 2001 ; 69 ( 23 ) : 2759-2764 ( 6 ) . 26. Kahn RS, Van Praag HM, Wtzler S, Asnis GM, Barr G. : Serotonin and anxiousness revisited. Biol Phychiat 1988 ; 23: 189-208. 27. Dedkova EN, Sigova AA, Zinchenko VP: Mechanism of action of Ca ionophores on integral cells: ionophore-resistant cells. PMID: 10768486, Membr Cell Biol. 2000 ; 13 ( 3 ) : 357-68. 28. hypertext transfer protocol: //www.naturallygreen.co.uk/fhttp: //www.naturallygreen.co.uk/fennel-seed-liquid-extract-tincture-foeniculum-vulgar e-50ml- p-263.html 29. M. Gavish, I. Bachman, R. Shoukrun, Y. Katz, L. Veenman, G. Weisinger and A. Weizman: Mystery of the Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptor. Pharmacol. Rev. 1999 ; 51: 629-650. 30. D. S. Reddy and S. K. Kulkarni: Differential anxiolytic effects of neurosteroids in the mirrored chamber behavior trial in mice. Brain Research 1997 ; 752 ( 1-2 ) : 61-71.

Free sample - Finding the place in the sun. Single but not alone.. translation missing

Finding the place in the sun. Single but not alone.. Finding the place in the sun. Single but not alone.It would be a fair statement to claim that each person is brought into this world with a goal to obtain. To put it in other words, we, the humans, are born to put in spoke, to make a contribution, and at last to leave an imprint in the history, however loud it may sound. In this tight connection there arise the questions like where do I live? why do I have to do this? what do I need to live a decent life? Such issues can’t but touch anyone who is an indispensible part of the society. Naturally, the social environment can’t be perceived as just the medium we live in. Rather, it is a highly advanced system that comprises normal and moral principles and values, rights and responsibilities to follow and fulfill. The face and the inner nature the society has are conditioned by its integral parts being the humans. Moreover, we can judge the level of development of a particular country or a state considering the social indicators of well-being. Needless to say, with the aim to find one’s niche in social structure, everyone is passing a certain route of socialization process, from micro to macro entities. Thus, the initial environment of a child’s world outlook formation is the family. The second step of â€Å"evolution† is represented by educational institutions such as nurseries, schools, colleges, universities. But still, not everyone can take his or her place in the sun. So, what hinders the road to a cherished wish and self-actualization? Actually, the list of the factors can appear to be endless. Here, different social issues can be viewed and addressed, among which are juvenile delinquency, one-parent or disadvantaged family, etc. Up to a point, one of the above mentioned sore points is the problem of a young single mom, who happened to be in the struggle for the opportunity of getting education. Such destiny lot fell upon me, a young mom with a three year old child. Indeed, the situation is disagreeable. Whether such moms would feel in the lurch or not depends on the existence of some protection. Clearly, for the individuals not to be left high and dry, the social system is supposed to envisage the elaborated programs. In case of young moms to assist in their education a sort of subsidizing should be foreseen. A scholarship, for instance, will provide me a chance to get proper education. In addition, it will to some extent prevent the negative perception of my child as an obstacle for career. Thereby, a scholarship would also alleviate the stressful situation of simultaneous work-and-study hectic life flow, since it at least guaranties a precondition of further higher education involvement. Besides, we can’t deny the fact, in order to achieve a grant a candidate is obliged to demonstrate a corresponding level of knowledge. For now I am currently a student of a school, but aspire to major in administration of justice, which is the sphere of my interest. Hence, not of the least importance are preparatory high school extra courses and also some financial support for young moms and I am convinced they are really helpful. Why are the scholarship and financial aid so substantial? Virtually, it is one of the key factors of problem solutions. Think only, how much a young girl in the role of a mom can earn if she even didn’t get a college or university degree. The answer is obvious. As my experience shows, not too much. Therefore, in attempts to earn for a living being a mom I am left with little if no time for my education. So, a scholarship will help avoid the probability to leave school at all. Being the only breadwinner in a family by means of getting scholarship I have a true chance to save the earned money and use the scholarship to pay for tuition. I think when a young mom is forced to be out of school or college education stream, it mustn’t completely and totally deprive her of the possibility to get back and continue studying. In fact, it is the scholarship called for to meet this need. Even though, I am aware of and ready for the routine I am going to encounter. I will have to start looking for an appropriate grant what can take a lot of time. Still, the benefits can’t be neglected. After all, no sweet without sweat. A baby for a young single mom should be an incentive rather than a burden.   There is an amazingly vast scope of programs for young mothers to select from. Concerning myself, I am in the search of the scholarships to match my particular situation, my professional inclination, abilities, level of knowledge. What also matters, I’ve learned the lesson of life – a mom must never give up and lose heart but rather pluck it up. In any confusing and hard situation a life may prepare for us, we mustn’t twiddle our thumbs and give way to despair. To put it briefly, diverse factors contribute to or on the contrary encumber a person’s socialization and development. It is my firm belief, that nothing seek, nothing find and a wise proverb ‘proof of the pudding is in the eating’ is worth adding to the armory of everyone’s life.

Social networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Social networking - Essay Example However, the impact of using these websites is both positive and negative on the users and it mainly depends on the way people use them and the level of addiction to these websites. Facebook is one of such social networking websites that are being commonly used by the people of all age groups. Although this website provides many communication benefits to people, such as, social interaction with people from different societies, entertainment facilities, information sharing, developing kinship and other relationships, and facility to find old friends, but some harms are also associated with it if one becomes addicted to the use of such websites. Some of those harms or negative effects include wastage of time, development of unhealthy relationships, and threat to personal privacy. This is the problem which needs to be discussed in some detail. Therefore, in this study, the aim of the researcher will be to discuss the negative effects of making heavy use of social networking media, such as, Facebook. The researcher will base the judgments on the research findings. The researcher will also provide some recommendations to reduce the negative consequences of social media. Review of Research Literature As Rennie and Morrison (2013) state, â€Å"social networking has become an addictive pastime for many young people as they keep monitoring their site for new activity or comments† (p. 126). Facebook is one of the main examples of such social networking websites that have intruded itself in office, as well as in the home of almost every person. Alba and Stay (2008) state, â€Å"Facebook is a networking platform† (p. 24). It is true that Facebook connects people from different parts of the world and helps them in forming communities. Users of Facebook can form communities with no boundaries and geographical limitations. Along with this, Facebook has also made people less individualistic (Miller, 2011, p. 190). However, with all benefits of using this website, there also exist some negative points associated with addiction or heavy use of such websites particularly for teenagers and young adults. Addiction to social networking websites has a number of negative effects (Hargrave & Livingstone, 2009, p. 150). One of the main negative aspects of being addicted to Facebook is that it has reduced interactions between close family members. The reason is that when a person makes use of this website all the time, he/she finds no time to interact with his/her own family members. In many homes, both children and parents stay on their computers (mostly on social networking sites), which causes less face to face interactions between the people living under the same roof. Heavy users of such websites prefer to remain online to chat with others. Excessive use of Facebook has a negative impact on ethics and moral development of young people (Maurieni, 2012). Some other serious concerns regarding heavy usage of Facebook and other social networking websi tes include decreased affection for close family members, interaction with strangers, and decreased interest in studies (Papacharissi, 2011, p. 74). Increased addiction to internet and social media is becoming a concern in the United States though it is not widely publicized (Lancelot, 2011, p. 92). Users of social networking websites develop relationships with strangers that increase the threat to personal privacy. Posting